Projects such as low-emissions cement and energy-storing concrete raise the prospect of a future where our offices, roads and homes play a significant part in a world powered by clean energy. Damian Stefaniuk and colleagues at Massachusetts Institute of Technology have created an energy storage device known as a supercapacitor from water, cement and a soot-like substance called carbon black. This could lead to roads able to power vehicles as they drive or an off grid house that stores solar energy in its foundations. While cement production is not environmentally friendly, the Center for Sustainable Engineering at Teesside University in the UK is working on low-emissions cement made from by-products of the steel and chemical industries.

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