Declining death rates among children are one of humanity’s most important achievements. Thanks to progress in global health since 1990, 132 million more people are alive, says Our World in Data. Max Roser asked a simple question: how many more children would have died if the global child mortality rate had not declined since 1990, when it was 9.3%. Had that rate remained the same, 12 million children would have died each year. But the actual number of child deaths declined to 5 million per year, because the global mortality rate of children declined to 3.7% in 2021.

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